Finishing is the operation of creating a concrete surface of a desired texture, smoothness, and durability. The finish on a concrete slab can be functional or decorative. Finishing makes the concrete slab surface functional, serviceable, and attractive. The final texture, surface hardness, and joint pattern on slabs, floors, sidewalks, patios, and driveways depend on the concrete’s end use. Warehouse or industrial floors need to be flat and level and have greater wear resistance, while other interior floors covered with floor coverings do not have to be as smooth and durable. Exterior slabs must be sloped to drain water with a texture that will not be slippery when wet. Excessive finishing should be avoided. A wide range of decorative finishes are possible using special techniques not discussed here.
Before finishing, concrete is placed, consolidated and leveled. These operations should be carefully planned. Skill, knowledge, and experience are required to deal with a variety of concrete mixtures, placement methods, and field conditions. Having the proper manpower and equipment available; and timing the operations properly is critical. Complete all subgrade excavation and compaction, formwork, and placement of mesh, reinforcement, or other embedments, as required, before concrete delivery. Delays after the concrete arrives create will reduce the final quality of flatwork. The subgrade should be compacted uniformly and properly sloped as needed for drainage. Avoid wet spots and do not place concrete on a cold subgrade.